Robotic process automation system with a command action logic independent execution environment

ABSTRACT

A robotic process automation system employs centralized compilation to generate a platform independent executable version of a bot, which is encoded to perform user level operations. The system employs an extensible set of commands which can be user generated. The bots execute on devices that are separate and independent from a server processor that controls the system. The devices execute bots in an execution environment that is provided by the server processor. Change in a command in a bot requires recompilation of the bot which is then delivered upon request to a device. The execution environment does not require recompilation upon a change in a command.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 16/925,956, filed Jul. 10, 2020 and entitled “ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION SYSTEM WITH A COMMAND ACTION LOGIC INDEPENDENT EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT,” which is hereby incorporated herein by reference, which in turn claims priority to U.S. patent application No. 62/968,946, filed on Jan. 31, 2020 and entitled “ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION SYSTEM WITH CENTRALIZED BOT COMPILATION FOR CROSS-PLATFORM EXECUTION.”

Additionally, this application, by way of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/925,956, is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/731,044, filed on Dec. 31, 2019 and entitled “ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION SYSTEM WITH SEPARATE PLATFORM, BOT AND COMMAND CLASS LOADERS,” which application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/398,600, filed on Apr. 30, 2019 and entitled “PLATFORM AGNOSTIC ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION,” which application is continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 16/398,532, filed on Apr. 30, 2019 and entitled “ZERO FOOTPRINT ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION SYSTEM.” Each of the aforementioned applications is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE

This disclosure relates generally to the field of data processing systems and more particularly to robotic process automation systems.

BACKGROUND

Robotic process automation (RPA) is the application of technology that allows workers in an organization to configure computer software, known as a “robot” to capture and interpret existing applications for processing a transaction, manipulating data, triggering responses and communicating with other digital systems. The software robots in conventional RPA systems employ the software robots to interpret the user interface of third-party applications and to execute steps identically to a human user. For example, many tasks within organizations require individuals to perform the same repetitive tasks, such as entering data from invoices into an enterprise accounts payable application or entering data from a loan application into a loan processing system. RPA permits the automation of such application level repetitive tasks via software robots that are coded to repeatedly and accurately perform the repetitive task.

The software robots in conventional RPA systems execute on devices, physical or virtual, that are separate from an RPA server and which contain software to permit creation and/or execution of the software robot. While this has proven to be highly beneficial in facilitating data processing, the requirement for bot creation/execution software to be loaded onto different devices increases administrative complexity and can limit the processing capability of the RPA system. Moreover, because the software robots operate at an application level, as a human user would engage with such applications, conventional RPA systems are often operating system dependent. A software robot encoded to perform tasks on, for example, a Windows® operating system, will need to be executed on the Windows® operating system to perform the tasks for which it has been encoded. This limitation can limit the scalability and increase the cost of deployment of an RPA system. Moreover, conventional RPA systems require an update of the bot creation and execution software each time either of such applications is changed. In an organization with a large RPA deployment this can cause significant time and resources to be expended as hundreds or thousands or devices are updated. Any device being updated will therefore be unavailable during the update. Moreover, the addition of or changes to commands encoded in a bot and executed by the execution software will require updating of the execution software to enable such software to properly execute the commands implemented by the bot. Modification of any existing command or addition of a new command will require updates to all devices that have the execution software loaded thereon. This problem increases as RPA is deployed more broadly across organizations to automate more processes, which increases the need for more commands and changes to existing ones.

As can be seen from the foregoing, there is a need for an improvement in the manner in which RPA systems accommodate and manage the regular updates required to the software deployed across the increasing number of devices upon which RPA systems operate.

SUMMARY

Computerized RPA methods and systems that increase the efficiency by which such systems are updated and operated are disclosed herein. In one aspect, a computer-implemented method is performed by a server processor to implement a robotic process automation system. The server processor responds to a request from a device, that is separate from the server processor, for a bot that is programmed to perform one or more user level operations using application programs operating on the device or accessible by the device. The bot is comprised of one or more commands, where each command specifies a user level task by way of command action logic that characterizes actions performed by the command. The server processor retrieves the bot from a data storage and compiles each command of the bot, thereby generating a compiled version of the bot comprising byte code. The compiled bot is registered with a bot registry and the compiled bot is provided to the device. An execution environment is provided to the device. The execution environment executes byte code in the compiled bot that when executed implements command action logic of each command in the bot to perform the one or more user level operations. The byte code executed by the execution environment is independent of the command action logic of each command to permit a change in the command action logic to be executed by the execution environment without requiring a change in the execution environment.

The system facilitates modifications to the RPA capabilities by accepting and storing new commands from users of the system. The system may employ a bot registry that maintains status information for each bot stored in the system. The bot registry is checked upon receipt of a request for a bot. In the event that the requested bot needs to be recompiled, the requested bot is recompiled and then sent to the requesting device. A bot may need to be recompiled due to a number of factors including change in a command contained in the bot, change in a dependency in the bot (such as another bot or a resource) or a change in the compiler used to compile the bot. An advantage of the disclosed system is that the execution environment on a device is independent of the commands supported by the system so changes to and/or addition of commands does not require updates to the execution environment on the various devices used by the system for bot execution. In environments where hundreds or thousands of devices may be in use this can result in significant advantages by eliminating the downtime to the devices required to update the execution environment resident thereon.

These and additional aspects related to the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description or may be learned by practice of the invention. Aspects of the invention may be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations of various elements and aspects particularly pointed out in the following detailed description and the appended claims.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing and the following descriptions are exemplary and explanatory only and are not intended to limit the claimed invention or application thereof in any manner whatsoever.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification exemplify the embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain and illustrate principles of the inventive techniques disclosed herein. Specifically:

FIG. 1 is a high-level block diagram of an embodiment of an RPA system with server-based bot creation and execution.

FIG. 2 illustrates commands exchanged between a client device and a server in the RPA system of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E and 3F illustrate operation of various modules of the RPA system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 illustrates a bot farm service that maybe used in connection with the RPA system of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the RPA system of FIG. 1.

FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate embodiments of virtual machine configurations.

FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment of code translation that may be employed by the embodiment of the RPA system in FIG. 5.

FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment for providing bots in a platform independent manner.

FIG. 9 illustrates details of class loading in an embodiment employing a java virtual machine.

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of an embodiment that generates platform independent bots.

FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing further details of module 1008 of FIG. 10

FIGS. 12A and 12B are flow diagrams illustrating further aspects of bot compilation.

FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram of hardware that may be employed in an implementation of the RPA systems disclosed herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, reference will be made to the accompanying drawings, in which identical functional elements are designated with like numerals. Elements designated with reference numbers ending in a suffix such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 are referred to collectively by employing the main reference number without the suffix. For example, 100 refers to topics 100.1, 100.2, 100.3 generally and collectively. The aforementioned accompanying drawings show by way of illustration, and not by way of limitation, specific embodiments and implementations consistent with principles of the present invention. These implementations are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention and it is to be understood that other implementations may be utilized and that structural changes and/or substitutions of various elements may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of present invention. The following detailed description is, therefore, not to be construed in a limited sense.

In FIG. 1, the embodiments disclosed herein implement a robotic process automation system 10 that includes data storage, seen generally at 102 which stores a plurality of sets of task processing instructions 104. Each set of task processing instructions 104 implements a software robot, also referred to as a bot (seen as Bot 1, Bot 2, . . . , Bot n) which is operable to interact at a user level with one or more designated user level application programs (not shown). As used herein, the term “bot” is generally synonymous with the term software robot. In certain contexts, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure, the term “bot runner” refers to a device (virtual or physical), having the necessary software capability (such as bot player 126), on which a bot will execute or is executing. The data storage 102 also stores a plurality of work items 106, where each work item 106 is stored for subsequent processing by executing a corresponding set of task processing instructions 104. A control room, seen generally at 108, is operatively coupled to the data storage 102 and is configured to execute instructions that when executed cause the RPA system 10 to respond to a request from a client device 110 that is issued by a user 112.1 to act as a server to provide to the client device 110 the capability to perform an automation task to process a work item from the plurality of work items 106. For simplicity of illustration and explanation, a single client device 110 is shown in detail. The RPA system 10 is able to support multiple client devices 110 concurrently, each of which will have one or more corresponding user session(s) 118, which provides a context. The context includes security, permissions, audit trails, etc. to define the permissions and roles for bots operating under the user session 118. For example, a bot executing under a session, cannot access any files or use any applications that the user under whose credentials the bot is operating does not have permission to do so. This prevents any inadvertent or malicious acts from a bot under which a bot 104 executes.

The control room 108 provides to the client device 110, software code to implement a node manager 114 that executes on the client device 110 and which provides to a user 112 a visual interface via browser 113 to view progress of and to control execution of the automation task. It should be noted here that the node manager 114 is provided to the client device 110 on demand, when required by the client device 110 to execute a desired automation task. In one embodiment, the node manager 114 may remain on the client device 110 after completion of the requested automation task to avoid the need to download it again. In another embodiment, the node manager 114 may be deleted from the client device 110 after completion of the requested automation task. The node manager 114 also maintains a connection to the control room 108 to inform the control room 108 that device 110 is available for service by the control room 108, irrespective of whether a live user session 118 exists. When executing a bot 104, the node manager 114 impersonates the user 112 by employing credentials associated with the user 112. In certain embodiments, the system 10 employs user impersonation as described in U.S. patent application entitled ROBOTIC PROCESS AUTOMATION SYSTEM WITH DEVICE USER IMPERSONATION filed on Mar. 31, 2019, assigned application Ser. No. 16/371,046, which application is assigned to the assignee of the present application and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. In application Ser. No. 16/371,046 the term “bot runner” is used in the manner that the term “bot” is used in the present application.

The control room 108 initiates on the client device 110, a user session 118 (seen as a specific instantiation 118.1) to perform the automation task. The control room 108 retrieves the set of task processing instructions 104 that correspond to the work item 106. The task processing instructions 104 that correspond to the work item 106 execute under control of the user session 118.1, on the device 110. The node manager 114 provides update data indicative of status of processing of the work item to the control room 108. The control room 108 terminates the user session 118.1 upon completion of processing of the work item 106. User session 118.1 is shown in further detail at 119, where an instance 124.1 of user session manager 124 is seen along with a bot player 126, proxy service 128 and one or more virtual machine(s) 130, such as a virtual machine that runs Java® or Python®. The user session manager 124 provides a generic user session context within which a bot 104 executes.

The bots 104 execute on a player, via a computing device, to perform the functions encoded by the bot. Additional aspects of operation of bots may be found in the following pending patent application, which refers to bots as automation profiles, System and Method for Compliance Based Automation, filed in the U.S. Patent Office on Jan. 6, 2016, and assigned application Ser. No. 14/988,877, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Some or all of the bots 104 may in certain embodiments be located remotely from the control room 108. Moreover, the devices 110 and 111, which may be conventional computing devices, such as for example, personal computers, server computers, laptops, tablets and other portable computing devices, may also be located remotely from the control room 108. The devices 110 and 111 may also take the form of virtual computing devices. The bots 104 and the tasks 106 are shown in separate containers for purposes of illustration but they may be stored in separate or the same device(s), or across multiple devices. The control room 108 performs user management functions, source control of the bots 104, along with providing a dashboard that provides analytics and results of the bots 104, performs license management of software required by the bots 104 and manages overall execution and management of scripts, clients, roles, credentials, and security etc. The major functions performed by the control room 108 include: (i) a dashboard that provides a summary of registered/active users, tasks status, repository details, number of clients connected, number of scripts passed or failed recently, tasks that are scheduled to be executed and those that are in progress; (ii) user/role management—permits creation of different roles, such as bot creator, bot runner, admin, and custom roles, and activation, deactivation and modification of roles; (iii) repository management—to manage all scripts, tasks, workflows and reports etc.; (iv) operations management—permits checking status of tasks in progress and history of all tasks, and permits the administrator to stop/start execution of bots currently executing; (v) audit trail—logs creation of all actions performed in the control room; (vi) task scheduler—permits scheduling tasks which need to be executed on different clients at any particular time; (vii) credential management—permits password management; and (viii) security: management—permits rights management for all user roles. The control room 108 is shown generally for simplicity of explanation. Multiple instances of the control room 108 may be employed where large numbers of bats are deployed to provide for scalability of the RPA system 10.

In the event that a device, such as device 111 (seen operated by user 112.2) does not satisfy the minimum processing capability to run node manager 114, the control room 108 provides on another device, such as device 115, that has the requisite capability, within a Virtual Machine (VM), seen as VM 116 that is resident on the device 115, a node manager 114 that is in communication with browser 113 on device 111. This permits RPA system 10 to operate with devices that may have lower processing capability, such as older laptops, desktops, and portable/mobile devices such as tablets and mobile phones. In certain embodiments browser 113 may take the form of a mobile application stored on the device 111. The control room 108 establishes a user session 118.2 for the user 112.2 while interacting with the control room 108 and the corresponding user session 118.2 operates as described above for user session 118.1, with user session manager 124 as described above in connection with device 110.

In certain embodiments, the user session manager 124 provides five functions. First is a health service 138 that maintains and provides a detailed logging of bot execution including monitoring memory and CPU usage by the bot and other parameters such as number of file handles employed. The bots 104 employ the health service 138 as a resource to pass logging information to the control room 108. Execution of the bot is separately monitored by the user session manager 124 to track memory, CPU and other system information. The second function provided by the user session manager 124 is a message queue 140 for exchange of data between bots executed within the same user session 118. Third is a deployment service (also referred to as a deployment module) 142 that connects to the control room 108 to request execution of a requested bot 104. The deployment service 142 also ensures that the environment is ready for bot execution such as by making available dependent libraries. Fourth is a bot launcher 144 which reads metadata associated with a requested bot 104 and launches an appropriate container and begins execution of the requested bot. Fifth is a debugger service 146 that can be used to debug bot code.

The bot player 126 executes, or plays back, the sequence of instructions encoded in a bot. The sequence of instructions is captured by way of a recorder when a human performs those actions, or alternatively the instructions are explicitly coded into the bot. These instructions enable the bot player 126, to perform the same actions as a human would do in their absence. The instructions are composed of a command (action) followed by set of parameters, for example: Open Browser is a command, and a URL would be the parameter for it to launch the site. Proxy service 128 enables the integration of external software or applications with the bot to provide specialized services. For example, an externally hosted artificial intelligence system could enable the bot to understand the meaning of a “sentence”

The user 112 interacts with node manager 114 via a conventional browser 113 which employs the node manager 114 to communicate with the control room 108. When for the first time 112 user logs from client device 110 onto the control room 108, they are prompted to download and install the node manager 114 on the device 110, if one is not already present. The node manager 114 establishes a web socket connection to the user session manager 124, deployed by the control room 108 that lets the user 112 subsequently create, edit and deploy the bots 104.

The node manager 114 which is provided to the device 110 by the control room 108, in certain embodiments provides three functions, as illustrated in FIG. 2. First is a discovery service 132 that establishes and maintains a connection to the control room 108 and acts as a resource to the control room 108 for the device 110. Second, the node manager 114 provides an autologin service 134 that provides a vehicle to allow the control room 108 to login or to create a user session 118 by launching user session manager 124 which works with the control room 108 to serve control room requests. Third, the node manager 212 provides a logging function 136 to provide a single, centralized point for streaming of all logging data back to the control room 108, via the health service 138, which stores the received log data to a data log 214.

Operation of the message queue 140 is illustrated in FIG. 3A. The basic exchange of data between bots, Bot 1 and Bot 2, that that are executed within the same user session is performed using message queue 140. Furthermore, the message queue 140 can be used as the mechanism to synch-up between different code blocks or between parallel execution of bots in the same user session. In one embodiment, there is no persistence of queue data, once the user session is killed, the queue is lost. In such an embodiment, for more long-term and exchange of data across different user sessions or between bots across different client devices 110, alternative messaging may be employed such as by use of JavaScript Object Notation (JSON objects).

Initiation of execution of a bot 104 is illustrated in FIG. 3B which shows two user sessions (118.1, 118.2) created on two devices. User session managers 124.1 and 124.2 at 301 initiate, in devices 110 and 115 respectively, user sessions 118.1 and 118.2, under control of deployment module 142, for bot execution. The deployment module 142 at 302 prepares the user session 118 for execution by setting up the environment needed for the bot execution. This includes setting up appropriate path variables, that the bot may call upon while executing. This ensures that all dependencies, like external libraries, are available for the bot to execute. At 304 the bot deployment module 142 issues bot deployment requests to the control room 108. The control room 108 responds by retrieving the requested bot, Bot 1 and providing it to user session manager 124.1 which is executing on device 110. In the case of device 111 which does not have the capability to execute the node manager 114, another device is selected, device 115 in this case, upon which the node manager will execute to permit the user session manager 124 to initiate user session 118.2 to execute Bot 2. At 306, the bot launcher 144 in user session manager 124.1 reads the metadata for Bot 1 and launches a container 308.1 within which Bot 1 will execute, and then initiates execution of Bot 1. Similar actions are performed by a bot launcher executing within user session 118.2 on device 304 to initiate execution of Bot 2.

Operation of the debugger 146 is seen in FIG. 3C. If the user 112 is logged into the control room 108 as a bot creator employing a bot creator 320, they may debug with debugger 146 the code of a selected bot 104. The debugger 146 enables the bot creator to step-through the instructions in the bot and ensure that it is working as designed or created. The debugger 146 interactively provides the state of various variables, input and output parameters, allowing the creator to fix any errors discovered during the bot testing.

FIGS. 3D, 3E and 3F are flow diagrams illustrating operation of certain aspects of three embodiments of bot launcher 144. In FIG. 3D, the bot launcher 144, upon receiving an identifier for a bot 104 requested by user 112 (such as for example Bot 1) and an identifier for a device requested by user 112, accesses at 330 the requested bot to identify at 332 requirements encoded within the requested bot that specify capabilities and resources required for the requested bot to execute its programmed instructions. The capabilities and resources may be explicitly identified within the requested bot and/or the bot launcher 144 may scan the coding in the requested bot to automatically determine some or all of the required capabilities and resources. Capabilities and resources required by the bot 104 may include minimum processing, storage, communications capabilities, access to required services, such as hosted applications (e.g., various enterprise resource planning or customer relationship management applications), various files that may be required, and application programs that may be required to be installed such as for example, Microsoft Office® applications (Word®, Excel®, Outlook®, PowerPoint®). Capabilities and resources, as just described, of the requested device are determined at 334. If the capabilities/resources of the requested device are determined at 336 to be sufficient to execute the requested bot the bot launcher 144 continues with other required operations to launch the requested bot. Otherwise, the user 112 is notified at 340 so that another device may be requested.

FIG. 3E illustrates operation of another embodiment of bot launcher 144 where the bot launcher 144, automates the process of identifying an available device with the capabilities/resources required by a requested bot. At 336, if the requested device does not have the required capabilities/resources then at 342, the bot launcher performs a scan of available devices as maintained by control room 108. If any devices are not currently available, the user 112 is informed at 346. If at 344 it is determined that one or more devices with sufficient capabilities/resources is/are currently available, the bot launcher 144 selects one of such devices at 348 and the bot launcher 144 continues with other required operations to launch the requested bot.

FIG. 3F illustrates operation of another embodiment of bot launcher 144 where the bot launcher 144, fully automates the process of identifying an available device with the capabilities/resources required by a requested bot. In FIG. 3F, the bot launcher receives at 330 only the identification of the requested bot and identifies, at operations 342, 344 and 348, an available device with sufficient capabilities/resources. In the embodiments of FIGS. 3D, 3E and 3F the devices scanned and selected may be physical devices and/or virtual devices such as described below in connection with FIG. 4.

FIG. 4 illustrates a bot farm service that maybe used in connection with the RPA system of FIG. 1 to employ virtualization to provide larger scale bot processing capability. The scheduler service 402 provides for virtual machine (VM) creation 404 and VM deployment 410. VM creation 404 permits selection of configuration settings 406 where a time can be specified when the scheduler service 402 creates a VM image (i.e., virtual device 415). VM creation 404 also permits selection of a template or blueprint that contains specification for the VM such as processing capability, and memory and storage size. A user may employ the VM deployment module 410 to schedule a particular bot to run on an n number of VMs (for example n=100). Embodiments disclosed herein support a category of VM termed herein an “ephemeral device” which is a device that exists only for the duration of bot execution. To deploy devices, the scheduler at 412 determines if one or more of the devices requested to be deployed is an ephemeral device. If not, then deployment service 414 deploys the requested device(s). If a requested device is determined at 412 to be an ephemeral device, then predeployment service 416 is employed to create the requested ephemeral device(s) in accordance with criteria specified by way of a blueprint that specifies required processing capabilities, storage capabilities and software requirements, such as application programs required to be installed on the ephemeral device. These ephemeral devices will then show-up as devices connected and available—these devices would then be associated with bot deployment metadata. Deployment service is then employed to deploy the ephemeral device(s). The bot farm engine 418 is a service that enables creating virtual machines on-demand using a native Application Program Interface (API) provided by a cloud provider. It instantiates VM's that can then be used to run/play the bots. The bot farm engine 418 uses templates or blueprints (pre-generated) that define the configuration of the VM that needs to be created. These VM's are virtual devices for playing the bots. On completion of the execution of the bots, the user session manager 124 from the respective devices indicate the completion, and control room 108 can then reclaim the virtual machines by spinning them down and closing them.

FIG. 5 illustrates a second embodiment of the RPA system of FIG. 1 which operates to provide a generalized runtime environment for bots 104. This flexible runtime environment advantageously permits extensibility of the platform to enable use of various languages in encoding bots. In the embodiment of FIG. 5, RPA system 10 operates in the manner described in connection with FIG. 1 and its accompanying figures, except that in the embodiment of FIG. 5, some or all of the user sessions 118 execute within a virtual machine 116. This permits the bots 104 to operate on an RPA system 10 that runs on an operating system different from an operating system on which a bot 104 may have been developed. For example, if a bot 104 is developed on the Windows® operating system, the platform agnostic embodiment of FIG. 5 permits bot 104 to be executed on a device 502 or 504 executing an operating system, 503/505 different than Windows®, such as for example, Linux. In one embodiment the VM 116 takes the form of a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) such as provided by the Oracle Corporation. As will be understood by those skilled in the art in view of the present disclosure, a JVM enables a computer to run Java® programs as well as programs written in other languages that are also compiled to Java® bytecode.

In the embodiment of FIG. 5, multiple devices 502 execute operating system 1, 503, which may for example be a Windows® operating system. Multiple devices 504 execute operating system 2, 505, which may for example be a Linux® operating system. For simplicity of explanation, two different operating systems are shown, by way of example and additional operating systems such as the macOS®, or other operating systems may also be employed on devices 502, 504 or other devices. Each device 502, 504 has installed therein one or more VM's 116, each of which executes its own operating system (not shown), which may be the same or different than the host operating system 503/505. Each VM 116 has installed upon it, either in advance, or on demand from control room 108, a node manager 114. Except as specifically noted herein, the embodiment of FIG. 5 operates as described above in connection with FIGS. 1, 2, 3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, 3F and 4 and reference is made to those figures and accompanying description for the detailed operation of control room 108, node manager 114 and user sessions 118 and user session manager 124. The embodiment of FIG. 5 differs from that in FIG. 1 in that the devices 502 and 504 have installed thereon one or more VMs 116 as described above, with each VM 116 having installed thereon an operating system that may or may not be compatible with an operating system required by an automation task. Moreover, each VM has installed thereon a runtime environment 506, each of which has installed thereon one or more interpreters (shown as interpreter 1, interpreter 2, interpreter 3). Three interpreters are shown by way of example but any run time environment 506 may at any given time have installed thereupon less than or more than three different interpreters. Each interpreter 506 is specifically encoded to interpret instructions encoded in a particular programming language. For example, interpreter 1 may be encoded to interpret software programs encoded in the Java® programming language, seen as language 1 in Bot 1 and Bot 2. Interpreter 2 may be encoded to interpret software programs encoded in the Python® programming language, seen as language 2 in Bot 1 and Bot 2, and interpreter 3 may be encoded to interpret software programs encoded in the R programming language, seen as language 3 in Bot 1 and Bot 2.

Turning to the bots Bot 1 and Bot 2, each bot may contain instructions encoded in one or more programming languages. In the example shown in FIG. 5, each bot contains instructions in three different programming languages, for example, Java®, Python® and R. This is for purposes of explanation and the embodiment of FIG. 5 may be able to create and execute bots encoded in more or less than three programming languages. The VMs 116 and the runtime environments 506 permit execution of bots encoded in multiple languages, thereby permitting greater flexibility in encoding bots. Moreover, the VMs 116 permit greater flexibility in bot execution. For example, a bot that is encoded with commands that are specific to an operating system, for example, open a file, or that requires an application that runs on a particular operating system, for example, Excel® on Windows®, can be deployed with much greater flexibility. In such a situation, the control room 108 will select a device with a VM 116 that has the Windows® operating system and the Excel® application installed thereon. Licensing fees can also be reduced by serially using a particular device with the required licensed operating system and application(s), instead of having multiple devices with such an operating system and applications, which may be unused for large periods of time.

In one embodiment, seen in FIG. 6A the VM 116 may be pre-created with all dependencies, such as application 1, application 2, and two files, file 1 and file 2, that a bot 104 may need. In another embodiment, seen in FIG. 6B, the bot 104 may have all dependencies clearly defined as metadata in the bot definition to enable access to and/or retrieval of required resources such as applications (application 1, application 2), files (file 1, file 2), and access information (e.g., login credentials) to various services. Deployment service 142 can use this metadata information to setup the environment. This permits the bot 104 to be more compact in size. The dependencies define resources or information needed for a bot to execute. For example, the bot may need 3^(rd) party libraries, or certain configuration settings that are encoded in a separate file and that needs to be present at a location for the bot to consume and execute successfully. In certain embodiments, to manage and authorize bot execution within the confines of the node managers 114, the system 10 needs the ability to disallow bot execution via any other means. In such embodiments, a ClassLoader, as employed in the Java® programming language, within the generated code (as a preamble) is used to ping the local agent to dynamically load a class to execute. In case, this bot is executed elsewhere, the call to ClassLoader will fail preventing the bot from execution. This is to prevent the generated byte code being executed independently external to the bot runner/player. Given that the bot is encoded in Java Byte code, it is desirable to prevent any external Java® runtime virtual machine from directly executing the byte code.

The code in a bot 104 that is encoded in a language other than Java® may be converted by the control room 108 to Java®, or another language, in the manner set shown in FIG. 7. For example, if a bot 104 is encoded with commands suitable for the Windows® operating system, the operations shown in FIG. 7 can be employed by the RPA system 10 to convert the bot to Java®, or another language to enable the bot 104 to execute on an operating system other than Windows®. In FIG. 7, a test is performed at 704 to determine if a bot 104 selected for execution should be executed by a native execution engine, in other words, if the bot 104 can be executed without translation of its encoded instructions. In one embodiment, the control room automatically makes a determination as to whether to use a native execution engine 706. In such an embodiment, if the control room 108 has the capability to execute the bot 104 natively then it employs the native execution capability. If the control room 108 does not have the capability to execute the bot 104 natively then the instructions in the bot 104 may be converted in two different ways. One conversion technique is shown at 708 where an in-place replacement of native commands with Java® code snippets is performed. This involves a straightforward replacement of a native command for a first platform, e.g., Windows®, into a code snippet for a second platform, e.g., Java®. In some embodiments, the control room 108 may have the capability to perform translation by way of an alternative technique seen at 712, 714, 716, 718 and 720, which permits translation into a language other than Java® if needed. In such an embodiment, such a translation will be the default unless overridden by an administrator or user 102. The instructions in the bot 104 are deconstructed at 712 and mapped at 714 to an abstract syntax tree and then generated to target code at 716 and 718 into Java® 710 or some other code 720. The abstract syntax tree is a data structure for representing bot instructions in a language neutral form and is machine readable. This allows for bot creation to be independent or agnostic of the language in which it needs to be executed. In the event that new commands are added, the corresponding commands and the associated snippet can be obtained by the control room 108 on demand by from a centralized repository that distributes new commands, such as for example from GitHub.com hosted by Automation Anywhere, Inc.

FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate embodiments of the system 10 in which bots 104 are converted to and executed in a portable, operating system independent format such as shown in the embodiments of FIGS. 6A and 6B. In the embodiments of FIGS. 8 and 9, the bots 104 are converted to an archive file, such as a Java ARchive (JAR) format for execution in a Java Runtime Environment by way of a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). As will be understood by those skilled in the art, a JAR is a file format used for aggregating many files into one, which permits Java applications and their requisite components (.class files, images and sounds) can be downloaded in a single HTTP transaction, instead of requiring a new connection for each piece. This improves the speed with which an application can be loaded into the JVM and begin functioning. The JAR format also supports compression, which reduces the size of the file and further improves download time. Moreover, individual entries in a JAR file may be digitally signed by the application author to authenticate their origin.

Turning to FIG. 8, control room 108 automatically converts a preexisting bot 104 to a JAR format employing conventional techniques upon a bot deployment request, which may be triggered upon a user action or by a schedule provided by a user or administrator. In the embodiment of FIG. 8, each command 802 supported by the system 10 for use in a bot 104 is stored in JAR format. Upon receipt of a bot deployment request, the control room 108 retrieves the requested bot 104 from repository 102 and checks its format at 806. If the requested bot 104 is in a JAR format, then the requested bot 104 is provided at 808. If the requested bot 104 has not been converted to a JAR format or if the requested bot has changed, then the requested bot 104 is converted at 810 to a JAR format by processing the bot 104 to replace each command in the bot 104 with an equivalent command stored in a JAR format. The requested bot 104 is then provided at 808. As seen, at any given time, the repository 102 may contain some bots 104 that have been converted to a JAR format (Bot 2-JAR, Bot 3-JAR) and other bots that have not yet been converted to a JAR format (Bot 1, Bot 4). In the embodiment of FIG. 8, newly created bots, such as by way of bot creator 320 are created and stored in a JAR format by use of commands 802 that exist in a JAR format. The node manager 114 inspects the bot JAR and provides information regarding the bot JAR to the bot launcher 144 which launches the bot 104 in a user session 118 which provides isolation in the user session 118 for execution of the bot 104 which executes with the credentials of the user, which is as if a human user were logged into the system 10 under their credentials and accessing system resources under their credentials. The bot 104 has the permissions of the user 104 in performing its programmed tasks. In another aspect, the node manager 114 receives a deployment message that contains the repository location of the bot JAR, commands and its necessary dependencies as URLs for it to download. The node manager 114 checks its local cache to see if it has already downloaded this file and if not, proceeds with the download. The node manager 114 then feeds the downloaded or the previously cached local files to the bot launcher 144 for it to consume. The node manager 114 also inspects the command JARs to see if those have any special need for setting up an environment or other resources that need to be extracted out of them, for the bot launcher to consume.

FIG. 9 illustrates details of class loading in an embodiment employing a java virtual machine. In the embodiment of FIG. 9, execution of bots and instructions within bots, which as described in connection with FIG. 8 are stored in a JAR format, are advantageously contained by separate java class loaders to increase security and isolation, thereby increasing predictability of execution of the bots. In the embodiment of FIG. 9, three types of class loaders are employed: platform class loader 902, bot class loader 904 and command class loader 906. The class loaders are arranged in a hierarchy with each bot class loader 904 and each command class loader 906 being a child of the platform class loader 902. Each bot 104 is assigned its own class loader and each command in each bot is assigned its own class loader. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, a Java ClassLoader is a part of the Java Runtime Environment that dynamically loads Java classes into the Java virtual machine. The bot launcher 144 advantageously creates a platform class loader 902 and creates an association between the platform class loader 902 and each bot class loader 904 and each command class loader 906. The bot launcher 144 advantageously spawns a separate bot class loader 904 for each bot 104 that is loaded and spawns a separate command class loader 906 for each command in each bot. As seen in FIG. 9, a bot class loader 904.1 is employed to load Bot 1-JAR and separate class loaders 904.x are employed for additional bots, Bot 2-JAR and so forth. In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the bot launcher 144 advantageously spawns a separate class loader 906 for each command in each bot. As in the embodiment of FIG. 8, each command 802 is stored in a JAR format. As seen in FIG. 9, a command class loader 906.1 is employed to load Command 1 and separate class loaders 906.x are employed for the additional commands in Bot 1-JAR. Similarly, for the other bots (e.g., Bot 2-JAR, . . . ) separate command class loaders 906 are used for each command in each of the bots. Commands are loaded via their own class loader 906 and then injected into the bot class loader 904 that owns the commands. Additionally, as seen in FIG. 9, a bot class loader 904.1 for a bot (Bot 1-JAR) that incorporates another (child) bot (Bot 4-JAR) has associated therewith, a child class loader 904.1.1, which is spawned by the bot launcher 144 associating platform class loader as its parent.

The class loaders employ the following rules for delegation. The platform class loader 902 has a hardcoded list of what packages should be shared with the bot and command packages from either the bot launcher 144 or the bot-runtime. For the bot class loader 904, all the command and bot-related contracts are attempted to load from the bot JAR first but all the other classes are delegated to load from the parent first. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, a contract employed by a bot is an agreement that the class will expose certain methods, certain properties, and certain behaviors. All commands associated with this bot will be fed from a local map that gets populated with command classes that are loaded by its own class loader. All other classes except the bot-related classes will check the parent first. All JARs in the local class path of this loader will be checked. For the command class loader 906, all classes are delegated to load from the parent first. If a requested class is in a package that is shared, the request will be passed on to the bot launcher 144 class loader, which may be a default class loader provided by Java to run the bot launcher class loader. Otherwise, it is passed directly to the bootstrap classloader which is provided by the JVM and is typically part of the core JVM and serves as the parent for all class loaders in the system. This means that no classes loaded by the bootstrap classloader, launcher or any transitive dependencies will be made available to the bot or command package unless explicitly added to a shared package list maintained by the platform class loader 902. Requests to load bot runtime classes are satisfied from a JAR file that is supplied when the class loader is instantiated. In one embodiment, the platform classloader 902 has a hardcoded list of what packages should be shared with the bot and command packages from either the engine or the bot-runtime. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, a bootstrap class loader is a portion of machine code that loads the system class loader upon startup of the JVM. The bootstrap classloader also takes care of loading all of the code needed to support the basic Java Runtime Environment (JRE), including classes in the javitri and the java.lang packages. Other than the bootstrap class loader, all classes in one embodiment are implemented as Java classes.

The hierarchical arrangement of class loaders shown in FIG. 9 provides a number of advantages. Centralization of certain common functions in the platform class loader 902 ensures that each bot class loader 904 and command class loader 906 inherit directly, without any intervening class loader, the common functions provided by the platform class loader. Thus, every action in the system 10 performed by a bot is tracked by way of the logging function provided by the platform class loader 902 and every action in the system 10 is performed in accordance with the security rules put in place by the platform class loader 902. Direct delegation of these properties by the platform class loader 902 to each command class loader 906 avoids inadvertent or deliberate intervention and override by a bot via the bot class loader 904. The delegation of these properties is enforced and cannot be overridden by a bot or by a command. Moreover, allocation of a separate class loader 906 for each command ensures that use of the same class name in two commands will result in loading of the desired class for each command. An individual developing a command 802 may include a dependency on a function that is employed by the bot executing the command 802 and an individual in another organization for example may develop a command 802 with a reference to another class by the same class name. A Java class loader when encountering a class name checks to see if that class name has been loaded and if it has not been loaded then loads the class corresponding to that class name. When it encounters another class with a name that has already been loaded, it will skip loading that class. Thus, if multiple commands are loaded by the same class loader, in a first command that references a class foo, the class foo will be loaded. A subsequent command that references a class foo, but with a slightly different implementation will not get its foo class loaded. When executing, the subsequent command will be provided with the foo class of the first command and may fail execution because the first foo command does not provide the expected behavior (i.e., functionality) of the foo command implemented by the subsequent command. The foregoing isolation permits use in the system 10 of bots and commands that are developed by numerous individuals/entities. Entity X can employ a bot developed by entity Y with commands developed by entities W, Y and Z. This increases the pace with which application automation can be achieved, while maintaining the security and application isolation in such automated environments as would occur with humans performing the tasks using credentials provided to them by their respective system administrators.

The common functions implemented by the platform class loader 902 include the bot and command contract, security functions, logging, Java Native Interface (JNI), Java Native Access (JNA), Java FX, metrics, and the message interface. The Java Native Interface (JNI) is a foreign function interface programming framework that enables Java code running in a JVM to call and be called by native applications (those programs specific to a hardware and operating system platform) and libraries written in other languages such as C, C++ and assembly. Java Native Access (JNA) is a community-developed library that provides Java programs easy access to native shared libraries without using the JNI. JNA's design aims to provide native access in a natural way with a minimum of effort. No boilerplate or generated glue code is required. Java FX are libraries provided by Java to render U/I components. Metrics provide information on performance, such as how fast is a command being processed, how often is a command being used, etc. The message interface provides a language independent common messaging interface, independent of a particular language.

In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the system 10 generates platform independent sets of task processing instructions (bots) 104. Two bots 104, bot 1 and bot 2 are shown in FIG. 10. Each of the bots 104 is formed from one or more commands 1001, each of which specifies a user level operation with a specified application program, or a user level operation provided by an operating system. Sets of commands 1006.1 and 1006.2 may be generated by bot editor 1002 and bot recorder 1004, respectively, to define sequences of application level operations that are performed by a human user. The bot editor 1002 may be employed to combine sequences of commands 1001 via an editor. The bot recorder 1004 may be employed to record application level operations performed by a user and to convert the operations performed by the user to commands 1001. Each set of commands 1006.1 and 1006.2 generated by the editor 1002 and the recorder 1004 include a command and a schema for the command, where the schema defines the format of the command. The format of a command includes the input(s) expected by the command and their format. For, example a command to open a URL would include the URL and a user login and password to login to an application resident at the designated URL.

The control room 108 operates to compile, via compiler 1008 to transform the sets of commands generated by the editor 1002 or the recorder 1004 into platform independent executables, each of which is also referred to herein as a bot JAR (bots 104) that perform the application level operations captured by the bot editor 1002 and the bot recorder 1004. In the embodiment of FIG. 10, the set of commands 1006, representing a bot file, are captured in a JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) format which is a lightweight data-interchange text-based format. JSON is based on a subset of the JavaScript Programming Language Standard ECMA-262 3rd Edition—December 1999. JSON is built on two structures: (i) a collection of name/value pairs; in various languages, this is realized as an object, record, struct, dictionary, hash table, keyed list, or associative array, (ii) an ordered list of values which in most languages is realized as an array, vector, list, or sequence. The bots 104 (bot 1, bot 2) may be executed on devices 110 and/or 115 to perform the encoded application level operations that may be performed by a human user.

Bot compiler 1008 is shown in further detail in FIG. 11. The bot compiler 1008 accesses bots 104 from bot repository 102 along with commands 1001 that are contained in command repository 1132. The bot compiler 1008 also accesses compiler dependency repository 1134. The bot compiler 1008 operates to convert each command 1001 via code generator module 1010 to an operating system independent format, such as a Java command. The bot compiler 1008 then compiles each operating system independent format command into byte code, such as Java byte code, to create a bot JAR 104. In one embodiment, a separate JAR, or other form of archive file, is created for each command and the bot JAR 104 includes the JARs for each of the compiled commands to be executed by the bot JAR 104. The executable bot JAR 104 typically will include commands to permit the bot JAR 104 to respond to user inputs to drive the command execution.

The convert command to Java module 1010 is shown in further detail in in FIG. 11 at 1128. The compile Java code to generate Java byte code module 1012 is shown as JAR generator 1128 in FIG. 11. In one embodiment, a conventional Java compiler, such as javac from Oracle Corporation, may be employed to generate the bot JAR (artifacts). As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, an artifact in a Java environment includes compiled code along with other dependencies and resources required by the compiled code. Such dependencies can include libraries specified in the code and other artifacts. Resources can include web pages, images, descriptor files, other files, directories and archives.

As noted in connection with FIG. 1, deployment service 142 is responsible to trigger the process of bot compilation and then once a bot has compiled successfully, to execute the resulting bot JAR on selected devices 110 and/or 115. Bot compiler 1008 comprises a number of functional modules that when combined generate a bot 104 in a JAR format. Bot reader 1102 loads a bot file into memory with class representation. The bot reader 1102 takes as input a bot file and generates an in-memory bot structure. Bot dependency generator 1104 identifies and creates a dependency graph for a given bot. It includes any child bot, resource file like script, and document or image used while creating a bot. The bot dependency generator 1104 takes as input the output of the bot reader 1102 and provides as output a list of direct and transitive bot dependencies. The script handler 1106 handles script execution by injecting a contract into a user script file. It registers an external script in manifest and bundles the script as a resource in an output JAR. The script handler 1106 takes as input the output of the bot reader 1102 and provides as output a list of function pointers to execute different type of identified scripts like Python, Java, VB scripts.

The entry class generator 1108 creates a Java class with an entry method, to permit bot execution to be started from that point. The entry class generator 1108 takes as an input a parent bot name, such “Invoice-processing.bot” as seen in FIG. 11 and generates a Java class having a contract method with a predefined signature. The bot class generator 1110 generates a bot class and orders command code in sequence of execution. The bot class generator 1110 takes as input an in-memory bot structure and generates as output a Java class in a predefined structure. The Command/Iterator/Conditional Code Generator 1112 wires up a command class with singleton object creation, manages nested command linking, iterator (loop) generation, and conditional (If/Else If/Else) construct generation. The Command/Iterator/Conditional Code Generator 1112 takes as input an in-memory bot structure in JSON format and generates Java code within the bot class. The variable code generator 1114 generates code for user defined variables in the bot, maps bot level data types to Java language compatible types and assigns initial values provided by user. The variable code generator 1114 takes as input an in-memory bot structure and generates Java code within the bot class. The schema validator 1116 validates user inputs based on command schema and includes syntax and semantic checks on user provided values. The schema validator 1116 takes as input an in-memory bot structure and generates validation errors that it detects. The attribute code generator 1118 generates attribute code, handles the nested nature of attributes, and transforms bot value types to Java language compatible types. The attribute code generator 1118 takes as input an in-memory bot structure and generates Java code within the bot class. The utility classes generator 1120 generates utility classes which are used by an entry class or bot class methods. The utility classes generator 1120 generates as output, Java classes. The data type generator 1122 generates value types useful at runtime. The data type generator 1122 generates as output, Java classes. The expression generator 1124 evaluates user inputs and generates compatible Java code, identifies complex variable mixed user inputs, injects variable values, and transforms mathematical expressions. The expression generator 1124 takes as input, user defined values, and generates as output Java compatible expressions.

The JAR generator 1128 compiles Java source files, produces byte code and packs everything in a single JAR, including other child bots and file dependencies. The JAR generator 1128 takes as input, generated Java files, resource files used during the bot creation, bot compiler dependencies, and command packages and generates as output a JAR artifact. The JAR cache manager 1130 puts a bot JAR in cache repository so that recompilation can be avoided if the bot has not been modified since the last cache entry. The JAR cache manager 1130 takes as input a bot JAR.

FIGS. 12A and 12B are flow diagrams illustrating further aspects of bot compilation and can be understood by way of the following description. As seen in FIG. 12A, bot compiler 1008 receives a request for compilation which includes a bot identifier. In parallel there can be multiple requests for bot compilation from different users. In one embodiment, all compilation requests are processed in isolated thread contexts. The bot cache manager 1130 checks whether the bot 104 is already compiled in the past and has no changes. If the bot 104 is not changed and there is a cached version available, the cache manager 1130 simply sends the cache JAR corresponding to the bot 104 without regenerating the bot Java code and build. The cache manager 1130 also detects whether there are any changes in bot dependencies, bot-compiler dependencies, or any changes to the control room 108 version. In either of these cases, the cache manager 1130 will invalidate the cache entry for the bot 104 in question and regenerate the bot JAR corresponding to the bot 104. To generate a newly compiled version of a requested bot, the bot compiler 1008 scans with dependency manager 1104 dependencies of the requested bot 104. The dependencies may include any child bot used, any file resource used such as a document, images or script used in any of the commands in the requested. The bot compiler 1008 generates, in one embodiment, Java code for the requested bot employing code generator 1112, including any child bot within the requested bot. This includes code for (i) starting the bot execution, (ii) all commands executed in sequence, (iii) sending bot progress data back to the control room 108, (iv) handling bot pause/resume actions from the control room 108, and (v) error handler routines. The build manager 1202 builds the source files generated by the code generator 1112 into a single JAR. This include any dependencies the bot has, or the child bots have, writes the JAR manifest, and puts pre-defined contract artifacts that are needed at runtime of the JAR.

An embodiment of deployment flow of a bot is illustrated in FIG. 12B. Bot editor 302 uses repository manager service 1206 to save and retrieve bots from private or public workspaces. A private workspace may be limited for example to those within an organization or a group within an organization. A public workspace may be for example shared among organizations. The repository manager 1206 uses package manager 1208 to fetch the schema of commands 1001 installed in the system 10. The package manager 1208 also renders each command user interface, validates user inputs and saves the command into the bot in question along with the entered user inputs. A request for deployment of a bot 104 may originate from the bot editor 302, the bot scheduler 1210 or the trigger 1212. Such a request for deployment is provided to deployment service 142 which in turn makes a request to compiler 1008. The bot compiler 1008 produces a deployable single JAR, as described above in connection with FIG. 12A. If the requested bot is not modified and other artifacts are not updated, the existing bot JAR will be used for deployment. The deployment service 142 provides the bot JAR to the requesting device(s) 110/115 and execution is invoked by the node manager 114 resident on such device(s) 110/115.

An advantage of the embodiments herein is that details of the command action logic implemented by commands 1001 resides in the control room 108. This permits the execution environment on a device 110/115, such as exists in a user session 118 to be agnostic to changes in the command action logic implemented by a bot 104. In other words, the manner in which a command implemented by a bot 104 operates is not visible to the execution environment in which a bot 104 operates. The execution environment is independent of the command action logic of any commands implemented by bots. The result is that changes in any commands 1001 supported by the system 10, or addition of new commands 1001 to system 10 do not require an update of the execution environment on devices 110/115. This avoids what can be a time and resource intensive process in which addition of a new command 1001 or change to any command 1001 requires an update to the execution environment to each device 110/115 employed in a system 10. Take for example, a bot that employs a command 1001 that logs into an on-online service. The command 1001 upon execution takes a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), opens (or selects) a browser, retrieves credentials corresponding to a user on behalf of whom the bot is logging in as and enters the user credentials (e.g., username and password) as specified. If the command 1001 is changed for example to perform two-factor authentication then it will require an additional resource (the second factor for authentication) and will perform additional actions beyond those performed by the original command (for example, logging into an email account to retrieve the second factor and entering the second factor). The command action logic will have changed as the bot is required to perform the additional changes. Any bot(s) that employ the changed command will need to be recompiled to generate a new bot JAR for each changed bot and the new bot JAR will need to be provided to a bot runner upon request by the bot runner. The execution environment on the device that is requesting the updated bot will not need to be updated as the command action logic of the changed command is reflected in the new bot JAR, containing the byte code to be executed by the execution environment.

The embodiments herein can be implemented in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a computing system on a target real or virtual processor. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The program modules may be obtained from another computer system, such as via the Internet, by downloading the program modules from the other computer system for execution on one or more different computer systems. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Computer-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed computing system. The computer-executable instructions, which may include data, instructions, and configuration parameters, may be provided via an article of manufacture including a computer readable medium, which provides content that represents instructions that can be executed. A computer readable medium may also include a storage or database from which content can be downloaded. A computer readable medium may also include a device or product having content stored thereon at a time of sale or delivery. Thus, delivering a device with stored content, or offering content for download over a communication medium may be understood as providing an article of manufacture with such content described herein.

FIG. 13 illustrates a block diagram of hardware that may be employed in an implementation of the RPA system as disclosed herein. FIG. 13 depicts a generalized example of a suitable general-purpose computing system 1300 in which the described innovations may be implemented in order to improve the processing speed and efficiency with which the computing system 1300 operates to perform the functions disclosed herein. With reference to FIG. 13 the computing system 1300 includes one or more processing units 1302, 1304 and memory 1306, 1308. The processing units 1302, 1306 execute computer-executable instructions. A processing unit can be a general-purpose central processing unit (CPU), processor in an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or any other type of processor. The tangible memory 1306, 1308 may be volatile memory (e.g., registers, cache, RAM), non-volatile memory (e.g., ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, etc.), or some combination of the two, accessible by the processing unit(s). The hardware components in FIG. 13 may be standard hardware components, or alternatively, some embodiments may employ specialized hardware components to further increase the operating efficiency and speed with which the system 10 operates. The various components of computing system 1300 may be rearranged in various embodiments, and some embodiments may not require nor include all of the above components, while other embodiments may include additional components, such as specialized processors and additional memory.

Computing system 1300 may have additional features such as for example, storage 1310, one or more input devices 1314, one or more output devices 1312, and one or more communication connections 1316. An interconnection mechanism (not shown) such as a bus, controller, or network interconnects the components of the computing system 1300. Typically, operating system software (not shown) provides an operating system for other software executing in the computing system 1300, and coordinates activities of the components of the computing system 1300.

The tangible storage 1310 may be removable or non-removable, and includes magnetic disks, magnetic tapes or cassettes, CD-ROMs, DVDs, or any other medium which can be used to store information in a non-transitory way, and which can be accessed within the computing system 1300. The storage 1310 stores instructions for the software implementing one or more innovations described herein.

The input device(s) 1314 may be a touch input device such as a keyboard, mouse, pen, or trackball, a voice input device, a scanning device, or another device that provides input to the computing system 1300. For video encoding, the input device(s) 1314 may be a camera, video card, TV tuner card, or similar device that accepts video input in analog or digital form, or a CD-ROM or CD-RW that reads video samples into the computing system 1300. The output device(s) 1312 may be a display, printer, speaker, CD-writer, or another device that provides output from the computing system 1300.

The communication connection(s) 1316 enable communication over a communication medium to another computing entity. The communication medium conveys information such as computer-executable instructions, audio or video input or output, or other data in a modulated data signal. A modulated data signal is a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media can use an electrical, optical, RF, or other carrier.

The terms “system” and “computing device” are used interchangeably herein. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, neither term implies any limitation on a type of computing system or computing device. In general, a computing system or computing device can be local or distributed and can include any combination of special-purpose hardware and/or general-purpose hardware with software implementing the functionality described herein.

While the invention has been described in connection with the disclosed embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular form set forth, but on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method performed by a server processor to implement a robotic process automation system, comprising: responding to a request from a device, that is separate from the server processor, for a bot that is programmed to perform one or more user level operations using application programs operating on the device or accessible by the device, wherein the requested bot is comprised of a plurality of commands, one or more of the commands specifying a user level task by way of command action logic that characterizes actions performed by the corresponding command, by at least: retrieving the requested bot from a data storage; compiling the commands of the requested bot, thereby generating a compiled version of the requested bot; and providing the compiled version of the requested bot to the device; and providing compiled code of an execution environment to the device, the execution environment configured to execute the compiled version of the requested bot, the compiled code of the execution environment being independent of the commands of the requested bot to permit a change in the commands, or the command action logic corresponding thereto, of the requested bot to be executed by the execution environment without requiring a change in the compiled code of the execution environment.
 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the method comprises: designating the compiled version of the requested bot as not up to date upon notification of a command contained in the requested bot being changed.
 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the method comprises: designating the compiled version of the requested bot as not up to date upon notification of a newer compiled version of the requested bot being available.
 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the method comprises: designating the compiled version of the requested bot as not up to date upon notification of a dependency referenced by the requested bot being changed.
 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the operation of compiling the commands of the requested bot comprises: scanning for one or more dependencies in the requested bot, wherein the dependencies comprise another bot and data therefrom.
 6. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the responding to the request for the bot comprises: determining whether the compiled version of the bot requested has already been compiled and stored to the data storage, wherein, if the determining has determined that the compiled version of the bot requested has already been compiled and stored to the data storage, then retrieving the stored compiled version of the bot from the data storage instead of performing the compiling, if the determining has determined that the compiled version of the bot requested has already been compiled and stored to the data storage; and wherein the providing operates to provide the stored compiled version of the requested bot to the device, and wherein, if the determining has determined that the compiled version of the bot requested has not already been compiled and stored to the data storage, then performing the compiling to generate the compiled version of the request bot, and the providing the compiled version of the requested bot to the device.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6 wherein the responding to the request for the bot comprises: determining whether the stored compiled version of the requested bot is out of date; and invalidating the stored compiled version of the requested bot if the determining determines that the stored compiled version of the requested bot is out of date.
 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 7 wherein, after the stored compiled version of the requested bot is invalidated, the providing does not operate to provide the stored compiled version of the requested bot to the device.
 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 8 wherein the determining determines that the stored compiled version of the requested bot is out of date based on a change in bot dependencies with respect to the requested bot.
 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 8 wherein the determining determines that the stored compiled version of the requested bot is out of date based on a change to command action logic for one or more of the commands of the requested bot.
 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the method comprises: determining whether the compiled version of the requested bot as previously provided to the device is out of date; recompiling to the requested bot; and providing the recompiled version of the requested bot to the device.
 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11 wherein the method comprises: supporting execution of the recompiled version of the requested bot at the device using the compiled code of the execution environment that was previously provided to the device prior to the recompiling of the requested bot.
 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 11 wherein the method comprises: supporting execution of the recompiled version of the requested bot at the device using the compiled code of the execution environment that was previously compiled prior to the determining that the compiled version of the requested bot as previously provided to the device is out of date.
 14. The computer-implemented method of claim 1 wherein the method comprises: determining whether the compiled version of the requested bot is out of date; recompiling to the requested bot; providing the recompiled version of the requested bot to the device; and supporting execution of the recompiled version of the requested bot at the device using the compiled code of the execution environment that was previously compiled prior to the determining that the compiled version of the requested bot is out of date.
 15. A computer-implemented method performed by a server processor to implement a robotic process automation system, comprising: responding to a request from a device, that is separate from the server processor, for a bot that is programmed to perform one or more user level operations using application programs operating on the device or accessible by the device, wherein the bot is comprised of a plurality of commands, one or more of the commands specifying a user level task by way of command action logic that characterizes actions performed by the corresponding command, by, retrieving the bot requested from a data storage; compiling the commands of the bot, thereby generating a compiled version of the bot comprising byte code; and providing the compiled version of the bot to the device; and providing compiled code of an execution environment to the device, the execution environment configured to execute code of the compiled version of the bot that when executed implements command action logic of the compiled commands in the bot to perform the one or more user level operations using application programs operating on the device or accessible by the device, the compiled code of the execution environment executed by the execution environment being independent of the command action logic of the commands of the bot to permit a change in the command action logic of the compiled commands in the bot to be provided to and executed by the execution environment without requiring a change in the compiled code of the execution environment.
 16. The computer-implemented method of claim 15 further comprising: registering the complied bot with a bot registry.
 17. The computer-implemented method of claim 16 further comprising: responding to the request by, prior to providing the compiled bot requested by the device to the device, checking the bot registry to determine if the requested compiled bot is up to date, and if the requested compiled bot is up to date, then providing the requested compiled bot to the device.
 18. The computer-implemented method of claim 16 further comprising: responding to the request by, prior to providing the compiled version of the bot to the device, checking the bot registry to determine if the requested compiled version of the bot is up to date, and if the requested compiled version of the bot is up to date, then providing the requested compiled bot to the device; if the requested compiled bot is not up to date then, retrieving an uncompiled version of the requested compiled bot, compiling the uncompiled version of the requested compiled bot to generate an updated compiled bot, storing the updated compiled bot, registering the updated compiled bot with the bot registry to replace the requested compiled bot with the updated compiled bot, and providing the updated compiled bot to the device.
 19. The computer-implemented method of claim 15 further comprising: designating a compiled bot as not up to date upon notification of a change in, at least one of: any command contained in any bot containing a changed command, a compiler that compiles a bot to generate a compiled bot, and any dependency referenced by a bot or any dependency referenced by the compiler.
 20. The computer-implemented method of claim 15 wherein the operation of compiling the commands of the bot, thereby generating a compiled version of the bot comprises: scanning for dependencies in the bot requested by the device, wherein the dependencies comprise another bot and data.
 21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, having tangibly stored thereupon one or more program modules comprising computer-executable instructions for execution on a computer system, the computer-executable instructions executing on a server processor to cause the computer system to implement a robotic process automation system by: receiving to a request from a device, that is separate from the server processor, for a bot that is programmed to perform one or more user level operations with applications operating on the device or accessible by the device; retrieving the bot from data storage, wherein the bot is comprised of a plurality of commands, each of the commands specifying a user level task, and implementing a command action logic that characterizes actions performed by the command; generating a compiled version of the bot by compiling the command in the bot to generate byte code that when deployed in an execution environment capable of executing the byte code performs user level actions with application programs as specified in the commands contained in the bot wherein the byte code implements the command action logic of the commands to permit deployment in the execution environment where the execution environment is independent of a change in the command logic of any of the commands; and providing the compiled bot to the device for execution by the device within an execution environment resident on the device.
 22. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 21 further comprising computer-executable instructions that cause the computer system to implement the robotic process automation system by: registering the compiled bot with a bot registry.
 23. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 22 further comprising computer-executable instructions that cause the computer system to implement the robotic process automation system by at least: responding to a request from the device by, prior to providing the compiled bot requested by the device to the device, checking the bot registry to determine if the requested compiled bot is up to date and if the requested compiled bot is up to date, then providing the requested compiled bot from the bot registry to the device.
 24. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 22 further comprising computer-executable instructions that cause the computer system to implement the robotic process automation system by: responding to a request from the device by, prior to providing the compiled bot requested by the device to the device, checking the bot registry to determine if the requested compiled bot is up to date and if the requested compiled bot is up to date, then providing the requested compiled bot to the device; if the requested compiled bot is not up to date then, retrieving an uncompiled version of the requested compiled bot, compiling the uncompiled version of the requested compiled bot to generate an updated compiled bot, storing the updated compiled bot, registering the updated compiled bot with the bot registry to replace the requested compiled bot with the updated compiled bot, and providing the updated compiled bot to the device.
 25. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 23 further comprising computer-executable instructions that cause the computer system to implement the robotic process automation system by at least: designating the requested compiled bot as not up to date upon notification of a change in, one or more of: a command contained in the requested compiled bot, or a dependency referenced by the requested compiled bot.
 26. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 17 wherein the operation of generating a compiled version of the bot comprises: scanning for dependencies in the bot requested by the device, wherein the dependencies comprise another bot and data.
 27. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium, having tangibly stored thereupon one or more program modules comprising computer-executable instructions for execution on a computer system, the computer-executable instructions executing on a server processor to cause the computer system to support a robotic process automation system, the non-transitory computer readable storage medium comprising: computer program code for receiving to a request from a device, that is separate from the server processor, for a bot that is programmed to perform one or more user level operations with applications operating on the device or accessible by the device; computer program code for retrieving the requested bot from data storage, wherein the requested bot is comprised of a plurality of commands, the commands characterized by a schema and having a text-based format and specifying a user level task, and implementing a command action logic that characterizes actions performed by the corresponding command; computer program code for generating a compiled version of the requested bot by compiling the commands in the requested bot to generate a compiled version of the requested bot that is configured to be executable in an execution environment to perform user level actions with application programs as specified in the commands contained in the bot wherein the compiled version of the requested bot implements the command action logic of the commands of the requested bot to permit execution in the execution environment, compiled code of the execution environment is independent of a change in the command logic of any of the commands of the requested bot; and computer program code for providing the compiled version of the requested bot to the device for execution by the device. 